WORK AC GENERATOR PRINCIPLE IN PRODUCING ELECTRICAL ENERGY

Work AC Generator Principle In Producing Electrical Energy - Generator is a machine that can convert motion (mechanical) energy into electrical energy (electric). Energy that drives its own generator of various sources. On wind power plants such as generators move because of the winding spinning wheel. Similarly, in hydroelectric power plants that utilize the energy of motion from water. While on the generator's generator power generated from the combustion process of diesel fuel. 

Physical form of AC generator

Generators apply electricity generation principles based on magnetic induction. The main elements for induction power exports are:  

• Magnetic field  
• Conductor (coil)
• Relative speed

Electric motion on the generator

According to Faraday's law, the coil currents rotate in the magnetic field or otherwise the magnetic field rotates inside the coil, then at the ends of the coil it will generate an electric motion force (voltage).

The magnitude of the voltage induced in the coil depends on: 

• Strength of the magnetic field.  
• length of the carrier in the coil.  
• speed of play (movement).  

Therefore the formula of the induced voltage generation is:

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DIFFERENCES ORDINARY DIODES AND ZENER DIODES

Differences Ordinary Diodes and Zener Diodes - Diodes consist of semiconductor materials and have a function to convert AC (alternating current) into DC (direct curent) voltage. Diode structure consists of P and N. one side is a P-type semiconductor and the other side is the N-type structure only so current will flow from the P to the side N. 

 

physical form and symbol zener diode

The working principle is if the pole P diodes in diode (commonly called the anode) is connected to the positive pole of the source, there will be flow of electric current in which free electrons in the N side (the cathode) will move to fill the hole resulting in drainage flow. conversely, if the P is connected to the negative battery / source, the electrons will move towards the positive terminal of the source. In the diode is not transferred electrons.

Physical form and symbol ordinary diode

 Overall plain ordinary diodes and zener diodes have differences include:

1. by function, serves as a conventional diode rectifier, while the zener diode serves as voltage regulation.
2.  based on principle, can not be given the usual diode reverse voltage (given positive and negative, are given to the positive and negative) while the zener diode can.
3. Zener is unique, if given reverse voltage exceeds the voltage specifications (usually written on the body diodes, for example, 5.6 volts) then he seemed to throw the excess voltage to the ground, and the voltage to parallel there will be only as voltage written on his body. For example voltage 5.6 volt written on her body, given a 9 volts, it is as if a voltage of 3.4 volts (from 9 to 5.6) of its discharged into the ground, he had missed the voltage remains 5.6volt.

 

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CONTROL FARM SYSTEM USING ARDUINO AND GSM SIM800L

Control Farm System Using Arduino and GSM SIM800L - In some farming systems, temperature and humidity into one of the important factors in increasing agricultural productivity. Among the cultivation of strawberries, cabbage, mushroom, oyster mushrooms and others. These plants need certain conditions of temperature and humidity in order to grow well. But the conditions of climate / weather and more frequent fluctuations in temperature and humidity making becomes difficult to control. So it takes the appropriate technology solution that is able to manipulate the conditions of temperature and humidity of the air.

Control Farm System Using Arduino and GSM SIM800L

Of these problems, I designed a modern agricultural system is friendly user so easily applied and installed in agricultural systems. The device is named MCFAS (Multi Control Farm System) 6 in 1.The device is able to work automatically to control temperature and humidity in the six systems of cultivation/farming, namely: the cultivation of mustard plants, strawberry, mushroom, oyster mushroom, egg incubator and maintenance of poultry. The device is also equipped with protection and monitoring system for monitoring the condition of the system using SMS (Short Message Service) sent directly to farmers. 

MCFAS 6 in 1 is designed based microcontroller ATmega328P integrated with temperature and humidity sensors DHT-11 to detect the temperature and humidity, LCD 1602 to monitor and display the temperature and humidity conditions, RTC DS1307 to record time realtime and GSM Shield SIM800L to transmit information via SMS to farmers. ATmega328P microcontroller systems have been selected because they have a high reliability in process automation. 

By looking very promising market potential of strawberry plants, mushroom, oyster mushrooms and more, this device has great potential to be marketed. In addition, the system reliability and the relatively cheap price that I offer, making this device has great prospects for acceptance in the market.

This just opening it from me, about the problems in my country about farming system. If you are interested in MACFAS 6 in 1, please send comments below, I will try to explain the details of this system 

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HOW TO CALCULATE DISTANCE TO THE ULTRASONIC SENSOR (HC-SR04) ARDUINO MODULE

How to Calculate Distance to Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04) Arduino Module -The ultrasonic sensors are electronic devices that can change the ability of the electrical energy into mechanical energy in the form of ultrasonic sound waves. The sensor consists of a transmitter circuit and a receiver circuit. This tool is used to measure the ultrasonic waves. Ultrasonic waves are mechanical waves that have characteristics of longitudinal and typically have a frequency above 20 kHz. Waves of Utrasonik can propagate through solids, liquids and gases. Ultrasonic is wave propagation wave energy and mechanical momentum that travels through these elements as interaction with molecules and the nature of the medium in its path enersia.

Example: Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04)

 HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor detects objects by sending short pulses and then wait for the wave reflection (echo) .Sensor this form of ignition pulses (Trigger pulse) to interface to the device controller (microcontroller) so sending short 40kHz ultrasonic waves by the sensor will wait for instructions of controllers.

How to Calculate Distance to Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04) Arduino Module

The calculation of the time required to receive a Ping sensor module reflection at a certain distance can be calculated using the following equation:

S = the distance between the sensor detected object.
TIN = the time between the transmitting and receiving the reflected waves.
V = the ultrasonic wave propagation speed in air at normal speed 344m / s.

There are 3 prnsip work of an ultrasonic sensor that is, the signal is transmitted through the ultrasonic wave transmitter. Signals emitted will propagate as sound waves at the speed of sound ranging from 344m / s. And the last signal was received will be processed to calculate the distance

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