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DIFFERENCE NETWORK 1G, 2G, 2,5G, 3G, 4G, 5G

Difference network 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4G, 5G - First to know is the letter "G" on it means the generation, so when you hear someone talking about 5G networks, then that means they're talking about wireless networking based on a 5th generation network technology.

Current technology is very advanced, and GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, HSDPA is a generation. GPRS is the first generation followed by Edge with providing services rather quickly and 3G services by presenting the fastest and 3.5G technologies to deliver services to get rid of all very quick to access the data, and also will present the speed 4G services beat the other network.

Here is the difference network 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4G, 5G:

1G
1G network is a new standard of network technology. era where human intervention has not needed everything really been automated and the small form of course. because this is the first generation phones they make it very seriously they make a strong and reliable phone that eventually spread throughout the world.

2G
The second generation has features that CSD faster data transfer. about 14.4kbps. You can also send a text message. but this CSD feature makes your monthly bill swell. because if you want to connect to the internet you should use a dialup calculated per minute.

In the next year when people are already addicted to the internet, when they check email every day they feel it should be no change, they need access to the data faster than the current. GPRS is better than 2G but not good enough if we compare it with the seeds of its 3G has begun to emerge as GPRS announced for the first time.

2.5G
GPRS (The General Packet Radio Service) - 2.5G - is the latest breakthrough in this second generation. GPRS jg is the root of the emergence of 4G. born in 1997 GPRS out swiftly replacing wasteful CSD. with GPRS you can be sure "Always on" you can connect to the internet anywhere and anytime. gprs speed theoretically capable of reaching 100kbps although in reality we never reach the speed of 40kbps sekalipun.hhehe;) GPRS also makes you more efficient because the calculation no longer be per kilobyte per minute as the CSD.

3G
Between 2001 and 2003, EVDO Rev 0 on CDMA2000 and UMTS to GSM which is the forerunner of the first third generation (3G) was introduced. But this does not mean GPRS dead. Just when it appeared EDGE - Enhanced Data - rates for GSM Evolution - is expected to be a good substitute for GPRS, because it does not need to upgrade the hardware to the extreme and not too much to pay. with EDGE you can already feel the speed two times faster than GPRS but nonetheless still less rapidly than 3G.

3.5G
HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) is a further development of 3G data access. HSDPA is often called 3.5 generation (3.5G) for HSDPA 3G is still running on the platform. Theoretically speed HSDPA data access as 480kbps, but certainly faster HSDPA lah. If not sooner what the point of creating HSDPA. The more recent the better the exact Tekonologi.

4G
4G is staying sieve 500 times faster than CDMA2000 can provide speeds of up to 1Gbps if you are at home or 100Mbps when you are traveling. Imagine with super speed that you can easily downloading movies with HD quality. And in a short time, of course. to download movies capacity of 6GB of course only takes 6 minutes. Incredible .. let's wait for the arrival of this technology super fast. other than that it is one of the main most effective solution for the Internet network dipedasaan for better plant 1 4G towers for air miles and miles away, rather than by blanketing fields with fiber optic cable.

4G systems will be able to provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice, data, and multimedia flows can be up to users anytime and anywhere, on average the data is higher than the previous generation. There is no formal definition for 4G. However, there are some opinions that aimed to 4G, namely: 4G will be a fully integrated IP-based system.

WHY YOU SHOULD USE PC HYBRID (2 IN 1)?

This is the reason why you have to use a PC hybrid (2 in 1):

PC HYBRID (2 IN 1)

Multifunction
have a notebook and tablet in one device, you get the benefits of both. Use in notebook mode to work, and then switch to tablet mode in a meeting to impress others.

Very easy to carry
have mild PC like this discussion is taken anywhere. Some even 2 in 1 has a screen that can be removed and can be used as a tablet, so you do not need to carry the overload.

Tough Performance
2-in-1 device is powered by an Intel® Core ™ Generation 4 tough to make you easily change the application, wake the device very quickly, and access files instantly. This is one of the reliable performance.

Same Operating Systems with Applications Office
2-in-1 device generally uses the Windows operating system, which is the operating system most commonly used office applications. so you can access and work on office documents, spreadsheets, and PowerPoint presentations anywhere and anytime, even in tablet mode.

Create Else Impressed
2 in 1 is a modern and cool devices that perform as good as his ability. Make your clients impressed that your company uses the latest technology.

WINDOWS 10 APPLY SECURITY SYSTEM WITHOUT PASSWORD

Microsoft is re-developing the latest innovations in products windows 10, while sliding later, Windows 10 already will apply the latest security system without the password, but by using security standards Fast Online Identity (FIDO). The function allows users to set the security device without using a password. Practice, Windows 10 users can log in to the device without the need to enter a password.

WINDOWS 10 APPLY SECURITY SYSTEM WITHOUT PASSWORD

Password or keyword in the form of letters and numbers are often used by people to secure his own devices. This method is often successful, but it can be difficult when users have multiple passwords for every important thing.

Security system without the password FIDO is an industry consortium formed to address the problem in the use of passwords. Including by implementing user authentication technology based on biometrics (eg fingerprint or eye scan).

FIDO standard method used is different from the fingerprint reader that has been circulating today. FIDO implement local authentication method that makes the user biometric data is not exposed to the internet.

"We are very interested in the potential behind FIDO presents solutions to the market and see how it could be a solution for corporate and consumer," said Group Program Manager Microsoft Dustin Ingalls in the official blog of Windows. if Windows 10 will already using these standards, more and more third party biometric reader that can be pinned to a laptop or smartphone.

Nowadays, many big companies are using standard FIDO world such as Microsoft, Google, BlackBerry, PayPal, and Bank of America.

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS

Working principle of synchronous generator produces electrical energy due to the relative motion of a homogeneous magnetic field conduction to anchor the generator coil (moving magnet and coil anchor silent, or otherwise stationary magnet coil anchor while moving). So, if a coil is rotated at a constant speed in a homogeneous magnetic field, it will be sinusoidal voltage induced in the coil. This homogeneous magnetic field can be generated by a DC current-carrying coil or by permanent magnets. Examples of simple overview of electric energy generation process in a synchronous generator can be shown as in Figure 1.1.

WORKING PRINCIPLE SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS

Figure 1.1 Anchor coils on the rotor rotates around the stator magnetic field generated

In figure 1.1 we can see a simple example of a coil rotor rotates around a homogeneous magnetic field produced by the stator, then the output voltage in the rotor is taken or passed through a pair of slip ring (ring brush) that can be connected to the load. The process of formation of the AC waveform generated at the output of this rotor more details shown in Figure 1.2.

Figure 1.2 Process formation of the wave AC synchronous generator

If we look at Figure 1.1 and Figure 1.2, it can be understood that the onset of EMF induction generators may be explained as follows:

BADC copper coil rotates between permanent magnet NS.
Both ends of the coil are connected with Slip Ring (ring brush).
GGL induction will produce flow (due to the load on the generator) which flows through the brushes charcoal to load connected to the generator.

When the coil BADC of figure 1.1 rotated to the right, one side of the coil pole red (we assume the coil red) moves upward while the other side (the coil of the pole blue, considered the coil blue) moves downward (see Figure 1.2). Coil to change the line style nagnet fewer, so that on both sides of the coil will be raised that the less voltage. When the alternator is loaded, then the electric current will flow also increasingly mengecilt around the coil until it reaches the vertical position of the coil with a current becomes zero because the voltage generated is also zero (see Figure 1.2). In the vertical position of the coil does not change the lines of magnetic force so that no electricity is flowing in the coil (AC-wheeled electric wave at position No. 1 in the figure 1.2).

If the coil is kept moving until the red side move to the right (south side, S) and the blue side moves to the left (north side, N). Coil magnetic lines of force change from minimum to maximum, but in the opposite direction from the previous position (note the waveform in Figure 1.2), so that on each side of the coil will be raised a maximum voltage (horizontal coil position and the wave is at its numbers 3).

Coil continues to rotate until the red side moved further down and move the blue side up. Currently coil changes the maximum magnetic force lines to a minimum, so that the voltage generated in the coil fell to near zero (at position numbers 5).

Then coil BADC kept turning toward the north pole (N) resulting in a reversal of the direction of the wave (position numbers 6 and 7). When the coil continues rotating coil seihingga BADC back in the position above the voltage waveform will change to the position of numbers 8 and 9). Here we see the formation of the AC waveform due to the rotation of the coil in a magnetic field formed in the anchor coil is a voltage waveform. Electric current will flow when the generator output terminals in the given load such as a lamp or other load.

For small capacity generator, magnetic fields can be placed on the stator (called external pole generator / external pole generator) which electrical energy generated in the rotor coil. If this method is used for large power generator, then this can cause damage to the slip ring and carbon brush. To solve this problem, then the large-capacity generator used type of generator with internal pole (internal pole generator), in which the magnetic field generated by the rotor poles and the AC voltage generated in the stator circuit. Will be a sinusoidal voltage generated when the magnetic flux density in the air gap is distributed sinusoidal and the rotor is rotated at a constant speed. A portion of the coil generator that generates a voltage called anchor coil, while a portion of the coil that generates a magnetic field generator called field coils

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DIODE

in general, the working principle of diode is as formed of a semiconductor construction with anode polarity (P) and cathode polarity (N) which usually consists of geranium or silicon were combined, and the charge of type N is a material with an excess of electrons, and the charge of type P composed of materials with a shortage of electrons which are separated by the depletion layer caused by the balance of the charge, therefore the diode produces a hole that serves as a carrier so that the voltage or charge transfer occurs once the drainage flows occurring in the hole that generates direct current voltage or commonly referred to as DC.

Symbol Of Diode

Working Principle of Diodes variance with the principle or theory of electrons which states that an electric current that occurs due to the movement of electrons from the positive pole toward the negative pole, but this diode current flow in one direction only, ie DC voltage. Therefore, if the diode is fed by a voltage P greater than the charge N, then the electrons contained in the N charge will flow to the load P is referred to as Forward Bias, and vice versa, ie if the diode is fed with a voltage greater N than the voltage P, then the electron is in it will not move, so the diode does not flow through any charge, the condition is often referred to as a reverse bias.

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DIODE

from the above explanation can be concluded that the Working Principle of diode is one tool that is very unique because it is able to manipulate the charge to be unidirectional or DC loads. The connection between the anode load (P) with cathode load (N) is called a depletion layer (depletion layer) where there is a balance of electron and hole charge. Usually on the side of the P lot formed hole-hole ready to accept the charge of the electron, whereas the N side many electrons are ready to liberate themselves, in other words if the P given the potential charge more, then the electrons from the N side will immediately fill every hole- hole in the side of P.

GOOGLE UPDATED SMART WATCHES ANDROID WEAR

Competition gadgets technology now taking place very tight, one of the vendors that are phenomenal at this time is Apple, and it becomes a "threat" to other vendors who also produces smart watch.

GOOGLE UPDATED SMART WATCHES ANDROID WEAR

respond to competition, Google seems to react immediately to prevent market dominance of Apple Watch in smart hours. Launched on Tuesday (10/03/2015) from TheVerge, smart clock products that use the operating system Google Android Wear is updated every few moments after Apple Watch released.
One reform is adding features Wi-Fi connection to enable notification sync between Android smartphone with Android Wear user. feature can be an alternative when bluetooth connection is not available
In addition, Google also improve the efficiency of user gestures Android Wear. where users do not need to use one hand when you want to scroll through notifications.
Now, users simply move the wrist are entwined Android Wear to scroll the notification. This is very useful when the user is eating with one hand or is receiving a phone, and want as he saw me in the wrist pinned Android Wear.
Views from the Android Wear also made it easier to search for applications and contacts. use voice commands can also be done when the user does not want to touch the screen Android Wear

FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATION OF THE EXCHANGE SWITCH

Exchange switch or commonly known as the hotel switch, switch hallway, staircase switch, is a series of electrical installations with the principle of controlling one or several light by two switches, point is that we can turn on and turn off the lights with two switches independently, for example, we put a lights in an area of the stairs, then we put the two switches for the lights with the position of the switch is placed in the bottom of the stairs while the switch is again placed in the top of the stairs, when we're down and turn on the lights with a switch under then we walk climbed to the top of the stairs then to turn it off do not need to go down the stairs again, but just turn it off using the switch located on the top of the stairs.


FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATION OF THE EXCHANGE SWITCH

For more details, please refer to the installation of network development below:

FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATION OF THE EXCHANGE SWITCH

CIRCUIT OF EXCHANGE SWITCH

In the development scheme, you can see there are additional cable connection and are connected to a single switch to the right of the picture. The concept of an additional switch is quite simple, the lights will turn on the switch condition of the switch in position "ON". If you switch from one switch is positioned to "OFF", then the light will die.

Initial installation (left scheme) can be done by placing a light switch (main switch) on the first floor area. After the home position lights installed, add additional wires to the switch on the second floor (right scheme).

Difficulty using this method is currently workmanship cable connecting to the additional switches on the second floor. If the position of installation of the lamp housing is high enough, the process Becomes quite cumbersome. You can do the wiring connection before the house lights installed, but it will be even more upsetting when the house lights about to be paired.

GOOGLE GLASS, NEW TECHNOLOGY IN THE WORLD

You ever imagine what it's like if you have optic artificial intelligence as a personal assistant as Jarvis in the Ironman? Obviously it will be very nice because the "personal assistant" will help you in every activity, especially in communication.

GOOGLE GLASS, NEW TECHNOLOGY IN THE WORLD

In 2013, Google through one of the founders, Sergey Brin of Google Glass at TED.com introduced about a new innovation that will bring people to a new dimension in the world of technology. Google Glass is a smart phone with an optical head-mounted display, a technology that can project images allowing users to view it.
How Google Glass is different from the general workings beredaran smartphone on the market today. During this time you need to look into the smartphone screen to communicate. took this photograph, record or see the GPS, even today on the streets of many people that "autism" with his smartphone. The latest technology which is owned by Google Glass helps free up the hands, eyes, and ears of reliance on the smartphone. Any activity that you do through a smartphone, whether it is called, photograph, record, browsing, and so can you project directly in front of you through Google Glass. You just need to say "Glass" to perform commands such as photographing, recording, call, see GPS and so on.
Google Glass has the Android operating system 4.4.2 (Kit Kat), 1 GB RAM with a storage capacity of 16 GB. Google Glass is equipped with a 5 MP camera capable of recording 720p resolution. In connectivity, Google Glass is also equipped with wifi, Bluetooth and micro USB. You must imagine how heavy this sophisticated glasses. You do not need to worry because Google Glass only weighs 0.5 kg so comfortable and lightweight for you to use. Google Glass officially on sale in the US on May 15, 2014 at a price of US $ 1,500

TYPES OF SWITCHES IN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS

The switch includes the material so that a tool that serves to connect and disconnect the electrical current from the voltage source to the load. Switch so many kinds and types for example: for the purposes of lighting installations, for high voltage, power plants and many more species. As a fairly basic knowledge of some kind encountered in everyday life: at home, school and other public places.

TYPES OF SWITCHES IN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS

The following are some of the kinds of switches in electrical installations:

Single switch, The switch no longer require explanation. This is the easiest way to connect / disconnect a delivery.
Switch series / series ,This series switches use to decide and connect two groups of lights alternately.
Exchange switch / hotel (see figure 3),Exchange switch / hotel digunkaan if we want to serve one of two places lamp or lamps lit in sequence.
Cross switch (see figure 4),Cross switch is used when we need to be able to serve the light and three places, then we use the cross switch install time. Should be remembered, that switch must be installed first and final exchange switch, the switch of which is a cross switch.
Two pole switch, For example:Bathroom, or outside lighting so that both light wire disconnected.
Three pole switch, This switch is used to group consisting of a large number of lights. For example: For floor lighting, lighting the top and chapels to be associated with the three phases. These relationships are connected and disconnected with three pole switch.
Pull switch, Pull switch is used in a bedroom, and bathroom that can be turned on and off by pulling the switch by means of a ropee as pullers.
Pushbutton switch, Push button switch used to control electric motors and is also widely used to serve the bell, and others.

Various kinds of shapes and properties of the switch is very diverse. Diversity is based on the consideration of the interests of the manifold.So many types and pattern that can not be discussed all. But it works the same principle is to connect and disconnect the electric current from the voltage source to the load.

TYPE ROTOR OF SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR

Synchronous generator (often called an alternator) is an electric machine that is used to convert mechanical energy (motion) into electrical energy by the intermediate magnetic field induction. This energy change is due to the relative motion between the magnetic field generator coils. Relative motion is a change in the magnetic field in the coil anchor (terbangkitnya place on the generator voltage) due to movement of the magnetic field of the coil anchor or otherwise. This alternator is called synchronous generator (synchronous = unison) because the speed of the rotating magnetic field which occurs at the speed of rotation of the generator rotor. The alternator generates alternating electrical energy (alternating current, AC) and could be produced to generate AC power 1-phase or 3-phase.

SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR

Pole magnet used in the rotor synchronous generator there are two types of forms as follows:

The pole shoes or stand (salient). Salient pole consists of core polar, polar body and pole shoes. Field coils wound on polar body. In the pole shoes also mounted coil damper (damper winding). Pole coils of copper, and the polar body of soft iron pole shoes.
The cylindrical pole (non salient). This pole is composed of grooves and teeth mounted to place the field coils.

Selection of rotor construction depends on the rotational speed prime movers, frequency and power rating generators. In the pole shoes (salient), magnetic poles protruding from the surface of the rotor. The rotor pole shoe is usually used for rotors with four or more poles. Because the rotor poles are many, it is usually the rotor is driven at low speeds.

TYPE ROTOR OF SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR

In cylindrical polar (non salient), construction flush with the surface of the magnetic poles of the rotor are formed as a cylinder. Cylindrical rotor is commonly used for the two poles and four rotor poles. The rotor is usually driven at high speed so genetor who use this pole is usually referred to turbo generotor. Generator with speed 1500 rpm upwards at a frequency of 50 Hz with a power rating of about 10 MVA usually using cylindrical rotor. As for the under 10 MVA power and low speed then use the rotor pole shoes. These generators are usually formed with the help of a magnetic field coil that is wound on the rotor, then the coil is given a DC source with a good regulatory system so that a large current through the coil can be set to adjust the field strength to be generated rotor. The construction of a cylindrical pole generator complete with current revenue system terrain

ELECTRONICS CONTROL DEVICES BY VOICE USING MICROCONTROLLER

Electronic devices with voice control is no longer the monopoly of fiction in the film. Students of the University of Widya Mandala, Surabaya (Indonesia), realizing that through innovation makes.

ELECTRONICS CONTROL DEVICES BY VOICE USING MICROCONTROLLER

Nathanael Octodion working on electronic control system via a voice in campus computing labs. Once tested, the tool is able to control electronic equipment, such as fans and lights, and lock the door, only with voice commands. How to use the application made by Nathanael that are installed on the smartphone device based on Android.

These applications will transmit the data wirelessly to the router (LAN). The router is connected to the module at a mega 8 as a signal receiver (receiver). Then, the incoming data will be processed by the micro controller to identify the type of command.

"Then the micro-controller will control the driver according to the commands of the user's voice," said Nathanael.

According to Nathanael, this control system requires a connection smartphone with wifi or bluetooth and connect to the system micro controller ardruino as household appliances. He claimed, the system can be used at a distance. For example, the user was in the office when controlling household appliances.

Nathanael said, will continue to develop a voice recognition system makes. Later, the system will only recognize the user's voice, but it has many uses.

Besides driven wireless, application of this system can also be used manually. This is to anticipate when the user changes the sound, especially when sick, so the system is not recognized.

"This innovation is expected to be useful for those who have physical limitations such as wheelchair users and people with disabilities. Moreover, recent technological developments are based electronics still use manual way to turn on or turn off household appliances," said Nathanael.

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